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Avro Lincoln....
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Designated the Avro type 685, development began in 1941. The design paired a new "squared-off" fuselage with the wings, tail and undercarriage of the Lancaster bomber. Production was undertaken by Avro with the hopes of sales to both the RAF and in the postwar civil airliner market.
The prototype, LV626, was assembled by Avro's experimental flight department at Manchester's Ringway Airport and first flew there on 5 July 1942. It had initially been fitted with the twin fins and rudders of the Lancaster, but the increased fuselage side area forward of the wing compared to the Lancaster necessitated fitting a third central fin to retain adequate control and directional stability. Initial assembly and testing of production Yorks was at Ringway, later Yeadon (Leeds) and Woodford (Cheshire).
One pattern aircraft was built at Victory Aircraft in Canada, but no further orders were received. Victory tooled up for 30 of those aircraft and built parts for five with one ultimately being completed about the time the war came to an end.
The first civilian York (G-AGJA) was delivered to British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in 1944. One of the prototypes, named Ascalon, became a flying conference room for Winston Churchill; other Yorks were provided for the use of Lord Mountbatten when Viceroy of India, the Duke of Gloucester when Governor-General of Australia, and South African leader Jan Smuts. In RAF Transport Command service, the York was used on the England-India route.
Production orders included 50 civilian Yorks and 208 military versions to the RAF - many of which subsequently passed into civilian hands. During the Berlin Airlift, Yorks flew over 58,000 sorties - close to half of the British contribution, alongside the Douglas Dakota and Handley Page Hastings.
In the postwar years, BOAC used Yorks on their Cairo to Durban service, which had previously been worked by Shorts flying-boats. They were also used by British South American Airways and many private passenger and freight airlines.
When the Distant Early Warning Line (Dew Line) was being constructed in Canada in the late 1950s, the Avro York was introduced as a freighter by Associated Airways. At least one of the Yorks, CF-HAS, was retained, and was in service with Transair as late as 1961.
The Avro York was, like its stablemates, the Lancaster and Lincoln, a very versatile aircraft; one York, LV633 "Ascalon", was custom-built as the personal transport of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Ascalon was to be fitted with a special pressurised "egg" so that VIP passengers could be carried without their having to use an oxygen mask. Made of aluminium alloy it had eight perspex windows to reduce claustrophobia. It also had a telephone, instrument panel, drinking facilities and an ashtray with room for cigars, thermos flask, newspapers, books. Testing at RAE Farnborough found the "egg" to work satisfactorily. However, Avro said it was too busy with the new Lancaster IV (Avro Lincoln) work so it was never actually installed in the Ascalon. It was considered for installation in the successor aircraft, a Douglas C-54B but the contractor Armstrong Whitworth decided it was impractical and the project was shelved. The whereabouts of "Churchill's Egg" are presently unknown.
MW104 "Endeavour" flew to Australia in 1945 to become the personal aircraft of HRH The Duke of Gloucester, Australia's then Governor-General. It was operated by the Governor-General's Flight and was the Royal Australian Air Force's only York.
Another aeroplane was fitted out as a "flying office" for Lord Mountbatten, then C-in-C South East Asia Command. During its first major overhaul at Manchester (Ringway) in 1945, the aeroplane was re-painted a light duck egg green, a shade intended to cool down the aeroplane, instead of its former normal camouflage colour scheme.
General characteristics
Crew: 5 (two pilots, navigator, wireless operator, cabin steward)
Capacity: 56 passengers
Length: 78 ft 6 in (23.9 m)
Wingspan: 102 ft 0 in (31.1 m)
Height: 16 ft 6 in (5 m)
Wing area: 1,297 ft² (120.5 m²)
Empty weight: 40,000 lb (18,150 kg)
Loaded weight: 65,000 lb (29,480 kg)
Powerplant: 4× Rolls-Royce Merlin 24 liquid-cooled V12 engines, 1,280 hp (950 kW) each
Performance
Maximum speed: 298 mph (258 knots, 479 km/h) at 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
Range: 3,000 mi (2,600 nm, 4,800 km)
Service ceiling: 23,000 ft (7,010 m)
Rate of climb: 820 ft/min (4.2 m/s)
Wing loading: 54 lb/ft² (260 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.079 hp/lb (130 W/kg) |
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http://www.aviationlive.org Online Aviation Pics,Videos and Forum
The Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the armed forces of Argentina.
The Argentine Air Force's history begins with the establishment of the Escuela de Aviación Militar (Military Aviation School) on 10 August 1912. Several military officers were amongst the pioneers of Argentine aviation, including Jorge Newbery, a retired Argentine Navy officer. The School began to turn out several military pilots who participated in milestone events in Argentine aviation, such as the crossing of the Andes mountains.
In 1927 the Dirección General de Aeronáutica (General Directorate of Aeronautics) was created to coordinate the country's military aviation. In that same year, the Fábrica Militar de Aviones (Military Aircraft Factory, FMA) was founded in Córdoba, which would become the heart of the country's aviation industry.
By the 1940s there were several air units in the Army and the Navy, and the first step towards an independent force came on 11 February 1944 with the establishment of the Aeronautical Command, which would go on to become the Argentine Air Force on 4 January 1945, an independent force on par with the Army and the Navy.
Immediately after the end of World War II, the Air Force began a process of modernization, incorporating aircraft such as the Gloster Meteor jet fighter, thus becoming the first air force in Latin America equipped with jet-propelled aircraft. In addition, a number of Avro Lincoln and Avro Lancaster bombers were acquired, creating a powerful strategic force in the region. The Air Force, in collaboration with German technicians, also began to develop its own aircraft, such as the Pulqui I and Pulqui II, making Argentina the first country in Latin America and the sixth in the world to develop jet fighter technology on its own.
In 1952, the Air Force began flights to supply the early Antarctic scientific bases, expanding its activities in the Antarctic continent and establishing Marambio Base on 25 September 1969.
During the 1970s, the Air Force reequipped itself with modern aircraft for the period, including the Mirage III interceptors, IAI Dagger multi-role fighters (Israeli derivatives of the Mirage V), A-4 Skyhawk attack aircraft and C-130 Hercules cargo planes. Also, a counter-insurgency airplane, the Pucará, was used in substantial numbers.
The Falklands War, termed by the Argentines Guerra de las Malvinas / Guerra del Atlántico Sur, took a great toll on the Air Force, which lost 60 aircraft. Due to the deteriorating economic situation, international opposition and political distrust upon the military, the Air Force was denied the resources needed to replace the war losses. This, coupled with diminishing budgets, led to a period of reduced activity and growing materiel obsolescence.
In the 1990s, the British embargo was officially eliminated and after economic and political failure attempts of getting surplus IAI Kfirs or F-16As, the United States sold 36 refurbished A-4M Skyhawk (known as A-4AR Fightinghawks.) Since their reception, the A-4AR demonstrated being a worthy replacement of the Bravos and Charlies that fought during the war.
The FAA has been greatly involved in United Nations peacekeeping missions around the world. They sent a Boeing 707 to the 1991 Gulf War. Since 1994, the UN Air contingent (UNFLIGHT) in Cyprus under UNFICYP mandate is provided by the FAA, achieving 10,000 flight hours (as of 2003) without any accidents . The FAA has also since 2005 deployed Bell 212 helicopters to Haiti under MINUSTAH mandate.
In early 2005, the top seventeen brigadiers of the Air Force, including the Chief of Staff, Brigadier General Carlos Rohde, were sacked by President Néstor Kirchner following a drug traffic scandal through Ezeiza International Airport. Kirchner cited failures in the security systems of Argentine airports (which were overseen by the National Aeronautic Police, a branch of the Air Force) and cover-ups of the scandal, even though it later became known that many government agencies, among them the Interior Ministry, the Customs Administration and the Secretariat of State Intelligence knew about the drug traffic operations.
The primary concerns of the Air Force nowadays are the establishment of a radar network for control of the country's airspace, the replacement of its older combat aircraft (Mirage III, Mirage V) and the incorporation of new technologies. The possibility of purchasing surplus French Air Force Mirage 2000C fighters, like the option chosen by the Brazilian Air Force, has been considered.
Since the last decade, the FAA had established good relations with neighbours Brazilian Air Force and Chilean Air Force. They annually meet, on a rotation basis, in the join exercises Cruzex in Brazil, Ceibo in Argentina and Salitre in Chile. |
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The start of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight 50th Anniversary display, featuring a Dakota, a Hurricane, four Spitfires and of course, the City of Lincoln Avro Lancaster bomber.
Filmed at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire (30/09/07). |
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The City of Lincoln Avro Lancaster Bomber performing quite a steep bank at the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight 50th Anniversary display.
Filmed at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire on 30/09/07. |
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The final part of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight 50th Anniversary display, featuring the City of Lincoln Avro Lancaster Bomber and a Spitfire.
Just listen to the sound of those Rolls Royce Merlin engines... from a time when British engineering was the best in the world.
Filmed at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire on 30/09/07. |
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arcticbeacon.com
This is the second day of Alberto Rivera's visit to Tony Alamo ministries. Tony inviting Alberto to his church made him an enemy to the Jesuit order. Even though Tony loves their souls and continues preaching the gospel to them and the world. That includes the preaching of Revelation chapters 17 and 18 which says that Roman Catholicism is the Great Whore.
The Jesuits (society of Jesus) have totally taken over just about every facet of America. From all religions to all secret societies, all ... all » government agencies, intelligence agancies in America and all over the world. Here an ex-jesuit priest Alberto Rivera (murdered by the Vatican in 1997 by poisoning) tells of why and how the Jesuits are doing this. We can see the evidence of this by the attacks on our civil liberties and the U.S. Constitution. It's time to wake up. Share this video and and post it anywhere you can.
keywords: nazi nazis catholic church catholicism skull and bones alex jones 9/11 911 conspiracy revelation bible christianity judaism death hell heaven society of jesus black pope masonry freemasons opus dei club of rome bilderberg cfr bohemian grove council of foreign relations order of death inquisitions crusades monks bishops cardinals knights of malta knights of columbus george bush cia fbi kgb mossad ustashi alberto rivera jack chick tony alamo chiniquy avro manhattan anti-catholic 666 mark of the beast verichip microchip inplantable chip iraq muslim jewish jew zionism protocols zion weishaupt loyola, borgia, reformation, luther, martin malcolm x mohammed islam buddha seven day adventist pentacostal baptist apostle jfk montini lincoln papacy popery stepinac pavelic genocide By Thomas Richards |
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Farming brothers Fred and Harold Panton are the unlikely owners of a Lancaster bomber. On their wartime airfield in East Kirkby, now the Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre, the bothers have lovingly restored 'Just Jane' with the ambition to see her fly again. For 23 years, Lancaster NX-611 has remained silent, but one by one her mightly Merlin Engines have roared again.
Follow the continuing story on video, from the moment her first engine burst into life to the day she taxied again on all four! Witness the occasion as Lancaster PA474 'City of Lincoln' salutes her sister aircraft with a low flypast, and the sound of eight Merlins reveberating around the airfield.
For more information about this DVD visit www.primetimevideo.co.uk |
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The City of Lincoln Avro Lancaster Bomber flying directly overhead at the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight 50th Anniversary Display.
Filmed at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire on 30/09/07. |
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The unique story of the determination of two farming brothers to own and renovate a Lancaster on their own wartime airfield. Discover the reason for their ambitions and witness the rebirth of engines which have been silent for over twenty years. This is a story of dedication and commitment to a dream to se 'Just Jane' fly again. Thrill to the powerful roar of merlin engines for the first time since the War on this Lincolnshire airfield - now a remarkable aviation museum, complete with operational control tower featuring life like mannequins and Air Traffic Control equipment.
The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight's 'City of Lincoln', the only flying Lancaster in the UK, salutes her sister aircraft and marks an historic occasion.
With a full account of her history, archive film of her flying in the 1960s and with up-to-date restoration work on her engines, this video is a treat for all Lancaster enthusiasts.
For more information visit www.primetimevideo.co.uk |
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